Indonesia overtakes Brazil in clearing tropical forests resulting in habitat loss and animal extinction, scientists claim

PHOTO: Sumatran orangutan Anita and her baby in their new habitat in the Singapore Zoo. Orangutans are one of the species whose habitat is being devastated by deforestation.(Nicky Loh: Reuters)

ABC News, 30 June 2014 

Satellite images have found that Indonesia has surpassed Brazil in clearing tropical forests, and losses are accelerating, scientists say.

That's despite a 2011 moratorium meant to protect wildlife and combat climate change.

Between 2000 and 2010, Indonesia's loss of virgin forests totalled 60,000 square kilometres, an area almost the size of Ireland, partly to make way for palm oil plantations and other farms, researchers say.

In 2012 alone, deforestation in Indonesia was estimated at 8,400 square kilometres, compared with 4,600 square kilometres in Brazil.

In 2012 alone, deforestation in Indonesia was estimated at 8,400 square kilometres, compared with 4,600 square kilometres in Brazil.

According to the study, deforestation in the Amazon basin in Brazil has traditionally accounted for the biggest losses, which the country has managed to reduce in recent years.

And it says the loss of primary forest areas is damaging global biodiversity.

"Indonesia's forests contain high floral and faunal biodiversity, including 10 percent of the world's plants, 12 percent of the world's mammals, 16 percent of the world's reptile-amphibians and 17 percent of the world's bird species," the study said, published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

"Extensive clearing of Indonesian primary forest cover directly results in habitat loss and associated plant and animal extinctions."

The research, lead by Belinda Margono of the University of Maryland, looked at long term satellite images.

Ms Margono says monitoring of clearing in Indonesia needs to be increased.

"We need to increase the law enforcement, the control in the area itself," Ms Margono said.

The study found lowland and wetland areas in Sumatra and Kalimantan were the worst affected.

Native fauna at risk

Indonesia's 2011 moratorium on forest clearing was imposed partly to slow deforestation that is ruining the habitats of orangutans, Sumatran tigers and other wildlife.

Norway has also promised $USD1 billion to Jakarta if forest losses are slowed.

It has already paid almost $50 million to Indonesia to help set up new institutions to reduce deforestation and says the study's findings strengthen reasons for the program.

Norwegian environment ministry spokeswoman, Gunhild Oland Santos-Nedrelid, says the partnership constitutes a strong financial incentive.

Norway will only start to handover large amounts of money to Indonesia if monitoring proves a slowdown in deforestation.

AFP/Reuters